Neonatology and pediatric medicine

Neonatal Diseases

Many factors are responsible for the development of neonatal diseases like household air contamination, natural factors and high maternal Body-Mass Index (BMI), which leads to neonatal mortality. Maternal Smoking, overweight amid pregnancy is associated with risk of neonatal infection. Neonatal disorders mean disturbance of normal state of body, organs and abnormal function of a newborn. Obstetricians play a major role to minimize the number of neonatal disorders. Prematurity, respiratory dysfunction, birth trauma, congenital malformations, neonatal infection and hemolytic disorders of the newborn are some examples of neonatal disorders commonly encountered. Preventive obstetrics is most important in reducing these disorders. Regular antenatal check-up, balanced diet, iron and folic acid tablet, avoiding repeated pregnancies are some measures which can prevent prematurity. Any factors which cause maternal hypoxia during pregnancy are responsible for fetal hypoxia. Proper antenatal care and avoidance of narcotic drugs in pregnancy are the pillars to combat respiratory dysfunction.